FINAL GRADES

NUMBER: TOTAL/ 110:
2007200300 54
2005102542 0
2003103427 0
2007100292 103
2008680127 77
2005103232 64
2007104264 78
2008207144 101
2008209084 109
2002102617 0
2007103319 107
2007100610 93
2007101180 107
2005102629 61
2007103307 50
2005102170 100
2007102842 78
2007102770 78
2007100076 87
2007101654 62
2007103940 48
2007100424 94
2006100334 86
2007200124 80
2003000215 0
2006101327 74
2007100154 97
2007103607 0
2007103088 77
2004100580 0
2006102785 59
2007100529 85
2003100025 57
2004102104 0
2008300222 0
2008300258 50
2008302195 70
2007104000 91
2006101579 84
2006104489 91
2007103694 102
2007100262 0
2007104009 94
2007100130 104
2007102935 98
2007103760 84
2006100136 107
2007103268 91
2005200069 31
2007300061 102
2006102794 85
2007100250 63
2007101345 89
2007102521 92
2006101804 78
2008301096 102
2006100067 85
2007101927 60
2007102590 107
2004100046 0
2006102674 57
2007101987 94
2007100697 102
2007103976 99
2007100883 84
2006100205 94
2004104489 0
2005101753 89
2005102599 75
2002100307 0
2006102437 70
2004100019 59
2008110150 59
2007104387 98
2007104261 83
2008302123 88
2006104927 63
2007200327 85
2005300099 0
2007104378 66
2005101066 0
2007102017 89
2004100883 88
2007102065 83
2006100307 92
2007101645 93
2004103067 0
2006103865 86
2007103613 98
2007104354 84
2005101390 108
2006104789 83
2007100112 75
2006101252 0
2007104414 84
2007104372 82
2007104375 79
2006101690 88
2004103085 64
2001102023 74
2007102728 64
2007100247 92
2006103739 83
2005103739 78
2007100703 62
2006103508 69
2007100772 94
2005103541 105
2006100403 0
2005102362 84
2007103649 110
2007101126 70
2006102710 76
2007101492 75
2004100301 0
2007200330 76
2007101909 84
2007102671 82
2007103538 91
2005103943 98
2008300243 75
2007103247 75
2006102398 105
2006000001 74
2004200047 59
2006104891 93
2007100874 82
2005000131 0
2007200145 78
2006104426 90
2007101966 87
2006104747 0
2007101003 110
2007103073 58
2006100823 90
2006104810 73
9900223 0
2003100793 92
2007103202 84
2007101072 0
2006102143 68
2005100232 81
2005102338 0
2007100568 83
2006104012 84
2006100487 58
2006103478 0
2007101852 80
2007103880 102
2007100418 87
2007104288 90
2007100838 108
2007103445 66
2006200330 27
2007103688 63
2007103133 98
2007102038 71
2007101429 102
2007104051 101
2005104444 97
2008302234 88
2004103757 91
2005100271 0
2007103172 0
2007101264 49
2006100328 95
2005102458 70
2006102416 0
2008300141 109
2003101807 99
2007100298 76
2007100361 89
2008302213 104
2007101051 98
2006101120 30
2006101534 91
2007100670 98
2005100775 30
2007101687 98
2004200051 39
2007103784 62
2006100574 0
2008302060 94
2005102929 107
2007104186 44
2005100139 69
2007103754 99
2007103157 97
2007102275 89
2005102410 91
2006103097 39
2007101525 99
2006103160 70
2008208030 100
2007100832 101
2003102932 0
2005102986 69
2006104480 87
2008302183 81
2007103517 101
2007102752 89
2007100739 97
2007102413 88
2007100100 102
2004100085 100
2008302003 107
2005103850 69
2007103328 89
2007103058 96
2007101828 87
2007102704 75
2007200148 78
2006000100 85
2008208051 91
2006100940 87
2007103712 61
2005103286 0
2007100778 82
2006104777 107
2007101816 104
2007103772 86
2007102902 89
2005100967 72
2007101804 81
2006103235 91
2007103292 95
2005101318 54
2007101420 83
2007104060 100
2007101315 99
2008209147 49
2007101438 81
2006104423 0
2007102914 83
2007103391 105
2006101945 0
2004104084 0
2008302159 104
2003100619 71
2006100970 92
2007101252 104
2007100379 98
2008207000 110
2006104996 0
2007100223 51
2006104153 69
2005104117 0
2007104213 59
2006102167 80
2007100688 101
2008301297 58
2007103082 103
2007100532 92
2007103403 103
2007101726 93
2007103052 91
2005103697 0
2007101276 71
2007102734 14
2006100664 0
2006102455 105
2007102263 71
2006100793 88
2006104312 88
2006100004 105
2006103034 63
2007103331 78
2003102584 0
2007103925 49
2004100373 40
2006102284 110
2006104585 86
2007100850 81
2008300156 0
2005102962 0
2007103160 75

AVERAGE: 70.6/110

ANNOUNCEMENT FOR FINAL MAKE-UP

Dear all,

Hist 105 final makeup exam will be held this Wednesday, Jan. 21, at 15:00 in TB 310, for those students whose names have been officially declared in the registration page;

• KÜBRA ATİK
• GÖZDE ÖNDER
• BERKER UĞUR
• SERHAT YILMAZ
  

Please email Melek Cevahiroglu if you have any questions regarding the exam.

ANNOUNCEMENT FOR 2nd OBJECTION

Dear all,

The objection date is arranged as below for those who want to see their final papers,

23th of January, Friday
starts at 2pm
at Cultural Heritage Museum

ANNOUNCEMENT FOR FINAL EXAM

Dear all,

The Final exam will be held on January 12, on Monday, from 15:00 to 17:40 pm. Each student must take the exam in the assigned room. Those students whose names are not on the room list will not be admitted to the exam in that room.

MERYEM NERGİS ABDULAZİZ - PELİN ELİTOK (NH-301)
NURDAN EMANET- MELİSA ÖZÇAKIR (NH-305)
GÖZDE ÖZDEMİR- YASEMİN TURAN (NH- 201)
DERYA TURGUT- HÜSNA ZÜLFİKAR (NH- 203)

Good Luck!

31/12/08- THE GENGHISID WORLD EMPIRE

Mongol rule and successor states, 13th, 14th centuries

1.
Mongol tribal confederacy under Genghis (Cengiz), the Great Khan, or Khagan (Hakan), 1206. Capital city: Karakorum

Conquests in China, Central Asia and Iran, Russia and Eastern Europe, Mesopotamia and Syria

Khanates:
* Golden Horde in Russia
* Ilkhans in Iran; Centered in Tabriz and Sultaniyya
(Sack of Baghdad, 1258)
* Mongol Yuan dynasty in China; Kubilai Khan (1260-1294);

Capital of the great khanate: Khanbalik (modern Beijing)
* Chagatai khanate


2.
Connections across Eurasia through the “Pax Mongolica”

Consolidation of global trade network; radical increase in volume of trade across Eurasia

Silk road, controlled and secured by the Mongol rule: creates space for the exchange of luxury goods, for cultural encounters between the Mediterranean and Asia, for the transfer of technology and science

Mongol decline renders land routes dangerous; explorations of sea routes to shape emerging early modern world

Timurid invasions, 1360’s - 1405


3.
Mongol legacy

Cultural eclecticism and inclusivism of Mongol rulers across Asia; east Asian cultural forms travel west. Appropriations of local cultural forms by newly established Mongol polities

Genghisid notions of world rule: to shape notions of world rule in the late medieval and early modern Turco-Persian world, in the Timurid, Ottoman, Mughal empires

ANNOUNCEMENT FOR FINAL REVIEW

Dear all,

Hist 105 Review sessions will be held in the following hours:

January 7 Wednesday 15:00-18:00: NH401 (Melek Cevahiroglu and Banu Kaygusuz)

January 8 Thursday 15:00-18:00: NH105 (Umit Firat Acikgoz)

January 9 Friday 15:00-18:00: NH 102 (Ayse Tek Basaran and Ceren Abi)

Those of you who cannot make it to either of these sessions should get in touch with Seren Akyoldas (serenakyoldas@gmail.com), who has scheduled an extra session on 11th of Jan, Sunday between 11:00 and 15:00 in GKM.

29/12/08- MEDIEVAL CENTRAL ASIA: SUFIS, SAINTS & NOMADS

Central Asia, Inner Asia, Central Eurasia
Khurasan, Transoxiana, Yeti-Su

Karluk tribe : Karakhanid Dynasty (mid-10th c. – 1202)
-Yeti-Su, Transoxiana
-Balasaghun, Kashgar, Samarkand, Bukhara

OGHUZ:

-migrated west in late 8th c.
-early 10th c. settled north of Samanid territories (around Aral Sea)
-985: Seljuk (an Oghuz army general) breaks away from Oghuz leadership
-late 10th c.: Oghuz conversions to Islam (“Turkmen”)

Great Seljuk Dynasty 1040-1194

Conversion to Islam by Turkic people in Central Asia:

-Influence of leadership on nomadic population
-conversion of “200,000 tents” in 960s following conversion of Karakhanid ruler Satuk Bughra Khan
Influence of Sufism (mystical Islam / tasawwuf)
-emphasis on personal visionary spiritual experience
-guidance of a spiritual master
-organization into orders (tarika)
-aim to gain experience-based knowledge of God
Yasawi order of Sufism
-after Shaykh Ahmad Yasawi, d. 1166
-supported by the Karakhanids

Kutadgu Bilig by Yusuf Khass Hajib of Balasaghun, 1069:
-long narrative poem (over 6600 lines)
-Introduces traditional Turkic and ancient Iranian concepts within the framework of mirror-for-princes

-Objective: to describe an ideal kingdom with just ruler, competent statesmen and happy subjects

Dialogue of 4 main characters as symbols of key concepts:

Kün Toghdı (“Rising Sun”) – King (justice)

Ay Toldı (“Full Moon”) – Minister (fortune)

Sons of Ay Toldı:

Ögdülmish (“Praised”) – Advisor (government)

Oghdurmısh (“Awakened”) – mystic (religion)

26/12/08- MEDIEVAL CHINESE SOCIETY & CULTURE

Medieval China

•When speaking of medieval China, Stearns et. al. elucidate the accomplishments of the Tang and Song dynasties, while speaking of reunification and renaissance in Chinese civilization.

Further Interpretations:

•Rise and Fall Paradigm

•Order Disorder Paradigm: understanding cycles

•Universalism and Localism

Rise and Fall Paradigm:

•Historians in general speak of rise and fall, unification or glory of states and empires.

•Patricia Ebrey in her “epilogue” to Cambridge Illustrated History: China (1996:333) says: “When history is viewed from the western edge of Eurasia, the natural patterns seems to be for civilizations and empires to rise and wane.” [...]

“When history is viewed from the eastern edge of Eurasia, a very different pattern emerges as natural and normal. There is no sense that younger civilizations supplant aging ones, but that civilization progresses through a series of yin-yang-like reversals of direction from excessive disorder to excessive order and back again.”

Universalisim and Localism:

Looking from the perspective of Asian history, however, we can speak of universalist and localists

Universalist Periods in the First Millienium:

In the period between 200 BC to 200 AD we witness not only the rule of the first Chinese empire (Qin-Han dynasties) but also the rule of the Xiongnu in the north and the Roman empire in the west.

UniversaliSt Period Phase 2:

The second phase is between ca. 550-900. During this period we witness the rule of Sui (581-617) and Tang (618-907) dynasties in China, the Early Türk and the Uighurs in the steppe regions, and the Islamic and Byzantine empires in the west.

Localism (Phase 1): 220-550:

In the period between 200-550 many local dynasties rule all over Asia. There are too many actors, with different ethnic backgrounds. While western scholars concentrate more on the introduction of Buddhism to China, from the Chinese perspective this period is seen as a period of disunion and disorder.

Localism Phase 1 (200-550):

Therefore terms below are used for this period

Threee kingdoms

Six Dynasties
Southern and Northern Dynasties

Localism Phase 2 (900-1206):

The period between 900-1200 is full of actors. Song dynasty in China has been described as “China among Equals” by some historians. Again we have too many actors like the Khitan and the Jurchen, in the north, the Xixia in the west.

Universalist World Empire of the Mongols (1206- 1368):

The state and empire of Chinggis Khan (1206) brings an end to these alternating phases of universalism and localism in Asia.

These universalist empires were more inclusive, while the localist states were more exclusive. Each of the localist states –each being equal to the other-- were all living their own life and letting others live. Besides being exclusive and keeping to itself, the Song dynasty (960-1278) followed the patterns established by the Tang (618-907). This is why they are discussed together by Stearns et al.

The Tang as a representative of the universalist phase 2 in China (618-907):

•

Tang Taizong (627- 649) The second emperor, as the ideologue and organizer

The Tang capital Changan, (present Xi’an) with north-south orientation

Funerary complex of Taizong:
Zhaoling
Entrance in the the south, leading towards the “ultimate” in the north

Tang statesmen as well as important foreigners who recognized Tang rule were given a place in this funerary complex

Zhaoling, a view of the mountain

Taizong’s horses

Two cultures in interaction:

Funerary Inscriptions among the Early Türk & Funerary inscriptions in China

Epilog 1:

•In this universalist period the culture being inclusive there was room for everyone. The interaction of cultures brought about a new understanding, new forms and new tastes, in other words a new synthesis.

•In the following localist period, each actor cherished his/her own qualities and characteristics

Epilog 2:

•This was not a period of expansion. On the contrary each one lived by itself accepting the right of existence of the other.

•In the words of Morris Rossabi : Song China (960-1278) was among equals.

Continuity and Change in the Localist Period: The Song Dynasty

(960-1278)

I.Continuities

a.Improvement of patterns set by the Tang

1.urbanization

2.improvement of tools of political culture

i.domestic sphere

·bureaucracy

·examination system

ii.[foreign relations: a two sided rhetoric

·“China among equals” rhetoric for foreign consumption

·“Superiority of China and Chinese Civilization” for domestic consumption

iii. CRefinement in aesthetical patterns (see blow III.)

II.Changes

a.Shift from political to economic expansion

i.improvement and expansion of agrarian production

ii.expansion of commerce and artisan production

iii.expansion of sea trade

b.Shift from universalist spirituality to local philosophy

i.Revival of Confucian Thought

ii.Reinterpretation in literary criticism and historical scholarship: a renaissance

c.Reflections of this shift in spiritual and intellectual sphere to family and society : a society more inward looking

i.emphasis on hierarchy

ii.rise of mile dominance

iii.restrictions on women’s rights

·beginnings of the idea of women’s place is in husband’s home (in ancestral rituals

·foot binding

·beginnings of “no divorce” practices

·dowry also cannot be taken back home, contributes to the capital of husband’s family

III.Outstanding and Long lasting Accomplishments

·Refinement in the aesthetic sphere from Tang to Song, a continuous improvement of style and complexity of designs and techniques

·Refinement in Poetry

·Long lasting accomplishments in the literary and historical literature

·Invention of printing and spread of literacy

A comparison of universalist and localist patters in terms of international relations:

Crisis in Mid-Tang (753-759) was overcome with the help of foreigners, in this case the Uighurs (734-840).

·Cultural interaction created friends and allies rather than adversaries and enemies

· Localism emphasizing local values created the “other” which in many cases could be the enemy

· Today in People’s Republic of China, they are trying to ease out the “enemy” rhetoric from the textbooks by emphasizing “friendship of cultures.”