27/10/08- Rice Culture, Communual Life & Confucian State in China

RICE AGRICULTURE, COMMUNAL LIFE, AND THE CONFUCIAN STATE IN CHINA

Lecture Outline:

l. Geography and Climate
2. Rice Agriculture
3. Communal Life
4. Chinese Imperial State and World View
5. Age of Philosophy and Confucius
6. The Two Handles of Government
7. The Solution or Non Solution of Tao
8 The Dynastic Cycle of the Mandate of Heaven

Vocabulary and Dates

Rice Agriculture and Communal Life in Asian History


Huang Ho, Yellow River
Yangtze River
Intensive Labor Agriculture
Irrigation
Communal Life
Mutual Responsibility and Social Harmony

Chinese Imperial State and World View

QIN DYNASTY
Shih Huangdi The First Emperor known as the Tiger of Qin
256 b. C. Founding of the Qin (Chin) Dynasty 221-207 B. C. Short lived due to harsh rule.
The Great Wall, The Steppe Nomads (Hsiung Nu/Xiungnu)
Bureaucracy Principle, anti-aristocratic.
Xian, the first imperial capital of the Qin



1- The Army of the First Emperor
2- The Mausoleum of the First Emperor
3- The Terra Cotta Statues of the Army

HAN DYNASTY

Han Dynasty 3rd century B. C.-3rd Century A. D. (202 B. C. 220 A. D. ) Comparable to the Roman Empire. Tradition of Imperium. Middle Kingdom. Diplomacy: China as Older Brother to rest of nations who are Younger Brothers.
Confucian Philosophy softens Imperial State Practice.
Ssu Ma Chien, the first Historian of China, Shih chih, The Record of the Grand Historian

Age of Philosophy 6th Century B. C. in China, Greece, and Age of Religious Ferment India the Buddha at the same time!
Confucius, Kongze, 551-479 B. C.
Cultivated Gentleman
11 Main Dynasties follow Chinese Imperial State Tradition of Confucian Philosophy from the Qin all the way to 1911 Chinese Nationalist Revolution that destroyed the dynastic tradition.
Rites and Ceremonies
State Examinations
Forbidden City
The Tomb of Mao Zedong along the Temple of Heaven Axis attests to Dynastic tradition symbolism.

Two Handles of Government: Rewards and Punishments
Legalism, Han Fei ze

Taoism, Lao ze
No government is the best government. Non Being as ideal. Nature as source of Harmony.

Mandate of Heaven
Mencius
Heaven as power based on principle of Nature and Humanity.

1- The Forbidden City
2- The Great Wall

24/10/08- Hellenism

HIST 105

HELLENISM

Alexander's Dreams



1- Mural from Pompei, Italy
2- Pierre Narcisse Guérin

Hellenistic world and its difference from classical Greece:

• Political structure
• Economy and trade
• Urban life
• Culture and arts

1- Euclid’s elements
2- Hipparchus

22/10/08- Athens & Spartans

ATHENS & SPARTANS

Changes after the dark ages and their contribution to Greek democracy:

• The rise of POLIS (POLIS)
• The rise of hoplite phalanx
• The rise of colonies and commercial expansion (accompanied by the rise of writing, and changes in art and architecture)

Athens Before Democracy:

• Council of elders
• Executive officials (archons)
• People’s assembly

1. Hoplite

2. Hoplite Phalanx

Greek and Phoenician Colonies (550 BCE)

1. Latin
2. Greek
3. Phoenician
4. Hebrew
5. Arabic

1. Egyptian Sculpture

2. Greek Sculpture

Changes After Dark Ages:

• The rise of POLIS (POLIS)
• The rise of hoplite phalanx
• The rise of colonies and commercial expansion (accompanied by the rise of writing, and changes in art and architecture)

Athenian Move Towards Democracy:

• Solon’s reforms after 600 B.C.
  – Easing the burdens of debts on farmers
  – giving citizenship rights to foreign merchants and artisans
  – people’s assembly being opened to the poor, and rise in its powers


• Cleisthenes’ reforms after 500 B.C.
  – making people’s assembly as the sole source of power

Athenian Democracy:

• The Assembly
• The council of 500
• The courts

Spartan Political System:

• Dual kings
• Council of elders
• Ephors
• People’s assembly

Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)

1. Good Spartan
2. Bad Persian

1. Pericles

2. Acropolis in Athens

1. Parthenon on the Athenian Acropolis
2. The Parthenon in Nashville, Tennessee, USA

1. Polykleitos, Disk-holder, 5th century B.C.

2. Myron, Disk-thrower, 5th century B.C.

3. Praxiteles, Venus, 4th century B.C.

The Peloponnesian Wars (431-404 B.C.):

Peloponnesian League versus Delian league

Athenian League & Peloponnesian War, in 435 BC

3rd MOVIE

'300 Spartans' will be screened

on 24th of October, 2008, on Friday,
at 17:30, in GKM Ayhan Şahenk Hall.

If you miss this screening, you may also borrow the film from the Mithat Alam Film Center or multimedia center at library.

3rd ANNOUNCEMENT FOR READINGS

Dear all,

This week we will discuss 4th week's primary sources in problem sessions on Friday. Although there are three reading materials in the syllabus, you are supposed to read only one, which is Thucydides, The Peloponnesian War, Book II, Chapter VI, Funeral Oration of Pericles.

2nd ANNOUNCEMENT FOR READINGS

Dear all,

Since some of you are having difficulty in accessing electronic documents in the library web page, we have found another way for you to reach the primary sources. We put all materials, including previous ones, to a photocopy shop, Hisar Digital, which is just behind the bus stop at the central gate of the South Campus.

20/10/08- Ancient Greek Civilization

HIST 105 FALL 2008

ANCIENT GREEK CIVILIZATION

1. Bronze-age civilizations
(2000 B.C- 12th century B.C. )

2. ‘The Dark Ages’
(12th century B.C.-8th century B.C.)

3. Classical Greek civilization
(8th century B.C- 4rd century B.C.)

3. Hellenistic world
(338 B.C.- 146 B.C.)

Emphasis on:
political system
connections with the Near East
commercial ties with the outside world

Minoans:

• Centered on the island of Crete
• Flourished especially around 17th century B.C.
• Primarily a mercantile people

Lineal A

Goddess or priestess, Crete, 1600 B.C

Mycenaeans:

• Centered in southern Greece
• Flourished especially between 1600-1200 B.C.
• A militaristic society living in walled towns

The cultures of Minoans and Myceneans resembled other early civilizations of the Near East:

• Developed urban life
• Centralized and monarchical system of government
• Large bureaucracies
• Similarities in religion, and in art

‘The Dark Ages’ (12th- 8th centuries B.C.):

• Urban decline and depopulation
• Fewer international contacts and less trade
• Simpler state structure
• No writing
• Art with simpler designs

Statuette of a horse, 8th century B.C