03/11/08- Roman Kingdom & Roman Republic

ROME

DAY 1
Kingly period (8th century B.C.-508 B.C.)
Republic (508–27 B.C.)

DAY 2
Empire (27 B.C – end of 2nd century A.D)

DAY 3
Crisis in the Empire in the 3rd century, and the Roman Legacy

Emphasis on:
1. expansion
2. effects of the expansion on the political system

Early Roman people:
1.Sabines, Samnites, Latins.
2. Etruscans, Greeks.

The Regolini Galassi Tomb:

Roman kingdom:

• A monarchy (king and a council of nobles)
• almost a caste system (Patricians versus Plebians)

Roman Republic:
(after Struggle of Orders)

Executive:

• 2 Consuls + other officials (such as proconsul, dictator)
• Directed government and army.

Aristocratic:

• Senate
• Could pass laws,
• Controlled foreign affairs.

Democratic:

• People’s assemblies such as Plebian Council
• Approved/rejected laws,
• Tribune could veto actions of executive officials.

Italy during the Decline of Etruscan League and the Rise of Rome 380 BC:


Punic Wars & Macedonian Wars:

Site of Carthage:

Attempts to Reform:

• Tiberius Gracchus
• Gauis Gracchus
• Julius Caesar

Death of Julius Caesar, by Vincenzo Camuccini:

The Triumvirate:

1- Octavian (Augustus)
2- Mark Antony
3- Lepidus

Agustos Reforms:

• His power base: proconsular imperium and tribunician power.

• His reforms: in the senate, in the administration, in the army.