22/10/08- Athens & Spartans

ATHENS & SPARTANS

Changes after the dark ages and their contribution to Greek democracy:

• The rise of POLIS (POLIS)
• The rise of hoplite phalanx
• The rise of colonies and commercial expansion (accompanied by the rise of writing, and changes in art and architecture)

Athens Before Democracy:

• Council of elders
• Executive officials (archons)
• People’s assembly

1. Hoplite

2. Hoplite Phalanx

Greek and Phoenician Colonies (550 BCE)

1. Latin
2. Greek
3. Phoenician
4. Hebrew
5. Arabic

1. Egyptian Sculpture

2. Greek Sculpture

Changes After Dark Ages:

• The rise of POLIS (POLIS)
• The rise of hoplite phalanx
• The rise of colonies and commercial expansion (accompanied by the rise of writing, and changes in art and architecture)

Athenian Move Towards Democracy:

• Solon’s reforms after 600 B.C.
  – Easing the burdens of debts on farmers
  – giving citizenship rights to foreign merchants and artisans
  – people’s assembly being opened to the poor, and rise in its powers


• Cleisthenes’ reforms after 500 B.C.
  – making people’s assembly as the sole source of power

Athenian Democracy:

• The Assembly
• The council of 500
• The courts

Spartan Political System:

• Dual kings
• Council of elders
• Ephors
• People’s assembly

Achaemenid Empire (550–330 BC)

1. Good Spartan
2. Bad Persian

1. Pericles

2. Acropolis in Athens

1. Parthenon on the Athenian Acropolis
2. The Parthenon in Nashville, Tennessee, USA

1. Polykleitos, Disk-holder, 5th century B.C.

2. Myron, Disk-thrower, 5th century B.C.

3. Praxiteles, Venus, 4th century B.C.

The Peloponnesian Wars (431-404 B.C.):

Peloponnesian League versus Delian league

Athenian League & Peloponnesian War, in 435 BC